Jobs, wages and businesses open between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. for your state and metro area (and your county, in California), with peer places alongside for comparison.
Published by CVL Economics. Built from public sources, including BLS QCEW, Census ACS & LODES, and BLS ATUS.
Point at an hour, or tab to the band and use the arrow keys, to see what's typically happening then.
6 p.m.
Restaurants, theaters, the commute home
9 p.m.
Bars, clubs, live music, late transit
2 a.m.
Hospitals, warehouses, cleaning crews
It's a time of day, not an industry: any work or spending between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m.
Cities set licensing, transit schedules, police staffing and zoning using figures for the whole day. Night-only figures show who those decisions affect. Read how we measure it
Some cities have a night office or an appointed night official. Others rely on an independent group. How much authority they have varies a lot.
| City | Office & Role | Model & Est. |
|---|---|---|
| San Francisco, CA | San Francisco Entertainment Commission | Charter commission · 2003 |
| New York City, NY | NYC Office of Nightlife (Mayor's Office of Media and Entertainment) | City / state office · 2017 |
| Washington, D.C. | Mayor's Office of Nightlife and Culture (MONC) | City / state office · 2018 |
| Philadelphia, PA | Philadelphia Nighttime Economy Initiative (Department of Commerce) | City / state office · 2022 |
| Amsterdam | Stichting Nachtburgemeester Amsterdam & Municipality Implementation Agenda for Night Culture (2023–2026) | Independent body · 2012 |
| London | Greater London Authority (GLA) — 24-Hour London Team, Night Czar & London Night Time Commission | City / state office · 2016 |
| Sydney / New South Wales | Office of the 24-Hour Economy Commissioner (NSW Government) | City / state office · 2021 |
| Berlin | Clubcommission Berlin e.V. & Noise Protection Fund (Lärmschutzfonds) | Independent body · 2001 |
−50% footfall under lockouts → 24-Hour Economy Commissioner & Special Entertainment Precincts
Sydney · Licensing & Acoustic Planning
Late-night entry limits in central Sydney cost an estimated $16B AUD a year in lost nocturnal output—prompting NSW to repeal lockouts, appoint a statutory 24-Hour Economy Commissioner, and enact the Vibrancy Reforms.
Amsterdam, Montreal & Berlin · Governance & Sound
How Amsterdam's Night Mayor, Berlin's Clubcommission, and Montreal's 24/24 paired 24-hour permits with €100k/$100k club soundproofing funds.
California · SB 76 & SB 969
What Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 25690 allows, how 76 zones across San Francisco, Sacramento, Santa Monica and Los Angeles use it, and what footfall results show.
London & Sydney · MAKE Associates
Pioneering UK and Australian tools for weighing night-economy revenue against municipal policing, ambulance, and transit costs.
Methodological dossiers and benchmark syntheses from our analysts.
Method · CVL Economics · 2026
Most employment data doesn't say when people work. This dossier explains our multi-method shift-timing coefficients and row-for-row Philadelphia replication.
Governance · Literature Synthesis · 2026
Synthesizing Acuto, Seijas, McArthur & Robin's audit of 50+ global night mayors, nocturnal assemblages, and the invisibilization of third-shift workers.
Global Benchmark · WCCF & VibeLab · 2025
Why 97% of global survey cities now actively support the night-time economy, with field models from Amsterdam, Barcelona, Brussels, Bromley and Dublin.
Primary institutional reports and external benchmarks.
Opens another site in a new tabWorld Cities Culture Forum & VibeLab · Nov 2025
National Independent Venue Association (NIVA) · 2025
City of Philadelphia Dept. of Commerce & ESI · 2025
Greater London Authority (GLA Economics) · Evidence Base
Responsible Hospitality Institute & NITECAP
Everything above this section is free to read. Licensed organizations also get the data views below for their own state and metro area (and county, in California), and can compare them with peer states and metro areas.
Example: what a Los Angeles agency sees after signing in